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title: bitwise operations
panel 1: bitwise operations operate one bit at a time
The results can be surprising when you write them in base 10:
8 & 3 = 0
but in binary it makes more sense:
1000 & 0011 = 0000
next: a bunch of panels listing all of the operations
&: Bitwise and: the result is 1 if BOTH bits are 1
|: Bitwise or: the result is 1 if EITHER bit is a 1
^: Bitwise xor: the result is 1 if EXACTLY ONE bit is a 1
~: Bitwise not: FLIP all the bits
<<: Left shift: add 0s to the end.
<< n is like multiplying by 2^n
: Right shift: chop bits off the end. >> n is like dividing by 2^n.
panel: there are actually two right shifts
unsigned right shift: 253 >> 1 = 126
always pad on the left with a 0: 11111101 -> 01111110
signed right shift: -3 >> 1 = -2
if the number is negative, pad on the left with 1 instead of a 0: : 11111101 -> 11111110
In some languages unsigned right shift is >>>. In other languages, both right shifts are >> and the integer’s type determines which is used.
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